Zapara, M.A., Dudnik, E.N., Samartseva, V.G., Kryzhanovskaya, S.Y., Susta, D. and Glazachev, O.S. (2020) Passive Whole-Body Hyperthermia Increases Aerobic Capacity and Cardio-Respiratory Efficiency in Amateur Athletes. Health, 12, 14-26. https://doi.org/10.4236/health.2020.121002
ABSTRACT
Objective: The research was carried out to test the influence of adaptation to passive whole body hyperthermia (PH) on physical capacity and cardio-respiratory efficiency in men-amateur athletes under the testing load of increasing intensity in laboratory thermal-neutral conditions. Twenty-eight amateur athletes (males, mean age 20.2 ± 2.1 y.o., game-based kinds of sports—football, handball, training experience—4 – 7 years) were randomized into two groups: experimental (14 people), who underwent 24 PH procedures, and control (14 people), who underwent 24 light training sessions in interval regime on elliptical gym apparatus.
Results: Adaptation to PH was accompanied by moderate increase of aerobic efficiency and cardio-respiratory endurance in amateur athletes under thermally neutral conditions, while interval training in the control group showed no reliable changes in efficiency.
Conclusion: A 10-week course of PH procedures leads to the increase of peak oxygen consumption, oxygen consumption at the level of anaerobic threshold, and heart efficiency (enhancement of oxygen pulse values), as well as efficiency of pulmonary ventilation and bronchial conductance, which we consider to be cross effects of adaptation to passive whole-body repetitive hyperthermia.
INTRODUCTION
Heat acclimatization (HA) as a method of increasing athletes’ efficiency for further training and competition activity in hot climate is well-grounded and widely used in training athletes of various kinds of sports. HA is developed during repeated combined exposure of a body to moderate stressors: physical load (endogenous metabolic stressor, increasing the temperature of the body core) under high temperature of the environment (28˚C – 33˚C—exogenous stressor, increasing the skin temperature). Such approach is based on the concept of adaptation syndrome development and the phenomenon of direct and cross adaptation effects. It is postulated that adaptation to a certain stress factor of the environment leads to increased tolerance to this stressor and resistance to other stress impacts.